James Bonwick, born in England in 1817, was a prolific historical and educational writer in Australia. His early writings were influenced by his experiences as a teacher and his observations of the Victorian goldfields. He later broadened his focus to the history of colonial Australia and explored religious subjects.

Bonwick also served as an archivist for the New South Wales government, undertaking the significant task of transcribing historical records in London. These efforts, known as the Bonwick Transcripts, formed the basis for the "Historical Records of New South Wales." While these transcripts were later criticized for their selective nature, they provided valuable access to British government documents for researchers in Australia. His work in archiving and writing left a notable mark on Australian historical documentation.

James Bonwick's literary output spanned a range of subjects, initially drawing from his practical experiences in Australia. His early works reflected his background as an educator and his time spent observing the gold rushes in Victoria. As his career progressed, Bonwick dedicated himself to documenting the history of Colonial Australia. He also delved into religious topics, demonstrating a broad intellectual curiosity. Among his notable publications were "John Batman" (1867), "The Last of the Tasmanians" (1870), "Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians" (1870), "Curious Facts of Old Colonial Days" (1870), "Egyptian Belief and Modern Thought" (1878), "First Twenty Years of Australia" (1882), "Port Phillip Settlement" (1883), "Romance of the Wool Trade" (1887), and "Irish Druids and Old Irish Religions" (1894).

Bonwick's significant contribution to Australian historical records began in 1884 when he started examining historical documents in London. In 1887, he was formally commissioned to transcribe governors' dispatches from the Public Record Office. This work culminated in the compilation of the "Bonwick Transcripts," a collection of handwritten copies of vital records. Appointed as the archivist for the New South Wales government in 1888, he continued this role until 1902. These transcripts, later published as part of the "Historical Records of New South Wales," were instrumental in making primary source material accessible to researchers in Australia, despite facing criticism for selective inclusion. The "Bonwick Transcripts" are now housed at the Mitchell Library.