Hiroshi Motoyama

Hiroshi Motoyama, a Japanese parapsychologist and spiritual instructor, dedicated his work to exploring spiritual self-cultivation and the intricate relationship between the mind and body. His teachings often centered on the meditative practices derived from Samkhya and Yoga, along with concepts like karma, reincarnation, and the Hindu chakra system. Motoyama's unique philosophical framework was deeply rooted in his personal meditative experiences.

He proposed a philosophical system that integrated various traditions, acknowledging the limitations of any single doctrine. Central to his thought was Samkhya philosophy, particularly Patañjali's eight-step yogic path, which he expanded upon. Motoyama also introduced the concept of 'basho,' borrowed from Kitaro Nishida, to describe a fundamental field that underlies existence, transcending dualities like being/non-being. This concept aligns with Buddhist notions of Śūnyatā and the state of a 'buddha.' Ultimately, Motoyama synthesized elements of Samkhya, Buddhism, and Shinto, incorporating yogic disciplines, the body-mind's energy systems, and a belief in God.

Motoyama's philosophical approach was shaped by his own profound meditative experiences. He posited that no single philosophical system is entirely complete, leading him to construct an eclectic yet unified system. This framework draws heavily from Samkhya philosophy, particularly Patañjali's detailed exposition of the eight limbs of yogic training, for its explanatory power. Motoyama extended the Samkhya concept of Purusha, the ultimate reality, beyond conventional limitations. Influenced by Kitaro Nishida, he utilized the term 'basho' (place) to denote the fundamental field that sustains all existence, a realm beyond concepts of being and non-being, birth and death. Achieving a 'basho-being' involves the annihilation of individuality, a state he equated with the Buddhist concept of 'buddha' and the meditative states known as Jhānas. He described this 'basho' as the boundary and sustainer of our universe, with God existing beyond it. Thus, his system represents a synthesis of Samkhya (atheistic), Buddhism (non-theistic), and Shinto (theistic) traditions, integrating yogic practices, the energetic systems of the body and mind, and faith in a divine entity.

A central theme in Hiroshi Motoyama's extensive writings and teachings was the profound connection between the mind and body, and the path toward spiritual self-cultivation. He explored how meditative practices, particularly those derived from the Yoga and Samkhya traditions, could facilitate this development. Motoyama was deeply interested in the energetic aspects of human consciousness, often referencing the chakra system as a bridge to higher awareness. His work also delved into the practical application of these concepts, as seen in titles related to 'Ki' energy and its measurement, correlating it with both spiritual and physical well-being. This holistic approach aimed to unify scientific understanding with spiritual exploration, suggesting that through dedicated practice and understanding of these interconnected systems, individuals could achieve profound personal transformation and enlightenment.