The provided text details the history and criteria of the Booker Prize for Fiction, an award established in 1969 for original, full-length novels written in English by citizens of Commonwealth nations or the Republic of Ireland. Initially, the prize was exclusive to these criteria. However, in 2014, the eligibility was expanded to include any work published in the United Kingdom, regardless of the author's nationality, as long as the novel was written in English and not translated.

The Booker Prize has also recognized significant works through special awards. In 1993, Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children" received the "Booker of Bookers" for being the best novel in the award's first 25 years. This novel later won a public vote in 2008 for "The Best of the Booker." To commemorate the prize's 50th anniversary in 2018, a "Golden Booker" was awarded to Michael Ondaatje for "The English Patient."

The text also lists authors who have achieved multiple wins or nominations for the prize. Five authors have won the award twice: Margaret Atwood, Peter Carey, J. M. Coetzee, J. G. Farrell, and Hilary Mantel. Further details regarding authors with multiple nominations are also indicated, though specific names and counts beyond those with seven nominations (Salman Rushdie) are not fully detailed in this extract.