J Spencer Trimingham

Adal (Harari: ኣው አብዳል/ኢዳል; Somali: Awdal), also known as Aw Idal, Awdal, or Aw Abdal was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. Located east of Ifat and the Awash river as far as the coast, and including Harar as well as Zeila. The Zeila state often denoted Adal and other Muslim dominions in medieval texts.