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The Ditmar Award, established in 1969, is Australia's longest-running award for science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Presented annually, typically at the Australian "Natcon" (national science fiction convention), the awards honored both Australian and international works across various categories. These included best fiction of any length, best novel, best short fiction, best publication, and best fanzine.

Over the years, the awards celebrated a wide range of authors and publications, reflecting the evolving landscape of speculative fiction in Australia and globally. Notable categories like "Best Australian Science Fiction" and "Best International Fiction" highlight the dual focus of the awards. Additionally, specific awards emerged, such as the "William Atheling Jr Award" for critical work in the field and special committee awards, demonstrating a commitment to recognizing diverse contributions to science fiction and fantasy literature and criticism.

The Ditmar Awards, commencing in 1969, initially featured broad categories such as "Best Australian Science Fiction of any length, or collection" and "Best International Science Fiction of any length, or collection." As the awards progressed, the categories refined and expanded. By 1970, distinctions were made between "Best Australian Science Fiction" and "Best International Publication" and "Best International Fiction." The early years also saw recognition for "Best Australian Amateur Science Fiction Publication or Fanzine." Over time, categories like "Best Australian Fiction" (distinguishing between novel and short fiction in later years) and "Best Australian Fanzine" became staples. Special awards, such as "Science Fiction in the Cinema" and the "William Atheling Jr Award" for critical work, were also introduced, showcasing a growing appreciation for various facets of the speculative fiction genre.

The early years of the Ditmar Awards saw nominations and wins for prominent figures in Australian and international science fiction. A. Bertram Chandler was a frequent nominee and winner in Australian fiction categories, with works like "False Fatherland," "The Kinsolving's Planet Irregulars," and "The Bitter Pill" being recognized. Internationally, authors such as Brian Aldiss, Thomas M. Disch, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Philip José Farmer received nominations. The awards also consistently recognized the importance of fanzines and fan contributions, with publications like "S.F. Commentary" and "Chao" appearing multiple times. The introduction of the William Atheling Jr Award in 1976 specifically highlighted critical essays and works about science fiction, acknowledging the intellectual engagement with the genre.