Andrew J Welburn Andrew Welburn

Andrew J. Welburn is identified in the context of the study of occultism, a term that emerged in 19th-century France to describe various esoteric currents and their descendants. This category encompasses traditions such as Qabalah, Spiritualism, Theosophy, and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. The term 'occult' itself, originating from the Latin 'occultus' meaning 'hidden' or 'secret,' refers to beliefs and practices outside organized religion and science, involving hidden agencies, magic, and mysticism.

The development of occultism as a distinct field of study gained momentum in the 21st century, with academic scholars using the term to classify a range of esoteric movements originating in the mid-19th century. While the term 'occult sciences' historically referred to astrology, alchemy, and natural magic, 'occultism' evolved to encompass a broader spectrum of esoteric thought and practice. The influence of figures like Éliphas Lévi and Helena Blavatsky was significant in shaping the understanding and dissemination of these concepts.

The term 'occultism' emerged in 19th-century France, gaining traction through figures like Éliphas Lévi and Papus, and was later introduced into English by Helena Blavatsky in 1875. Initially, the concept of 'occult sciences' in the 16th century referred to disciplines such as astrology, alchemy, and natural magic, which systematically investigated nature through belief in hidden qualities or forces. By the 21st century, 'occultism' became a common term, even among academic scholars of Western esotericism, to describe a lineage of esoteric currents that began in the mid-19th century. This categorization includes traditions like Spiritualism, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.

The word 'occult' derives from the Latin 'occultus,' meaning 'hidden' or 'secret,' and generally pertains to knowledge of the hidden or paranormal, distinguishing it from the scientifically measurable. While the term 'occult sciences' historically grouped astrology, alchemy, and natural magic, 'occultism' evolved to encompass a wider array of esoteric traditions. The term's usage has varied significantly over time; for instance, some scholars differentiate between esotericism as belief systems and occultism as the associated practices. However, contemporary usage, particularly in academic circles, tends to categorize 19th-century esoteric currents and their subsequent developments under the umbrella of occultism.